Nixon met de ping-pong diplomatie en Watergate

Richard Millhous Nixon is born on 9 january 1913 in California. He studied justice on the Duke University. Here he get acquainted with his women he later ‘ll marry with, Thelma Ryan. He becomes a loyer in Whittier till 1942. From 1942 untill 1946 joined Nixon the navy. In 1946 his daughter,Tricia, were born. In 1946 he was elected to the house representatives, defeating a campaign from unfounded insinuations of communistic sympathies. in 1948–50, he took a leading role in the investigation of Alger Hiss, a former State Department official, accused of spying for the Soviet Union. Nixon's hostile questioning of Hiss during the committee hearings did much to make his national reputation as a fervent anticommunist. In 1950 Nixon successfully ran for the United States Senate. At the Republican convention in 1952, Nixon won nomination as vice president on a ticket with Eisenhower, largely because of his anticommunist credentials. In the midst of the campaign, the New York Post reported that Nixon had been maintaining a secret “slush fund” provided by contributions from a group of Southern California businessmen. He acknowledged the existence of the fund but denied that any of it had been used. Nixon received his party's presidential nomination in 1960 and was opposed in the general election by Democrat John F. Kennedy. He lost with a slight difference of votes. Nixon then retired to private life in California, where he wrote a best-selling book, Six Crises (1961). In 1962 he reluctantly decided to run for governor of California but lost to incumbent Democrat Edmund Brown. In a memorable postelection news conference he announced his retirement from politics and attacked the press, declaring that it would not “have Dick Nixon to kick around anymore.” But he didn’t retired, and he prepared a come back. Nixon won the Republican nomination for president in 1968. Nixon campaigned against Democrat Hubert H. Humphrey. He won the race to the White House. He promised peace in Vietnam and a crackdown on illegal drugs. Nixons politics about foreign countries was his greatest succes. He thougt that the USA need good contacts with foreign countries. He ended the public accused Vietnam-war, but Nixon's most significant achievement in foreign affairs may have been the establishment of direct relations with the People's Republic of China after a 21-year estrangement. Following a series of low-level diplomatic contacts in 1970 and the lifting of U.S. trade and travel restrictions the following year, the Chinese indicated that they would welcome high-level discussions, and Nixon sent his national security adviser, Henry Kissinger, to China for secret talks. The thaw in relations became apparent with the “ping-pong diplomacy” conducted by American and Chinese table-tennis teams in mutal visits in 1971–72. Nixon's visit to China in February–March 1972, the first by an American president while in office, concluded with the Shanghai Communiqué, in which the United States formally recognized the “one-China” principle—that there is only one China, and that Taiwan is a part of China. The reapprochement with China, undertaken in part to take advantage of the growing Sino-Soviet rift in the late 1960s, gave Nixon more leverage in his dealings with the Soviet Union. By 1971 the Soviets were more amenable to improved relations with the United States, and in May 1972 Nixon paid a state visit to Moscow to sign 10 formal agreements, the most important of which were the nuclear-arms limitation treaties known as SALT I (based on the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks conducted between the United States and the Soviet Union beginning in 1969) and a memorandum, the Basic Principles of U.S.-Soviet Relations, summarizing the new relationship between the two countries in the new era of détente. Nixons interior politics were based on the reduction from the social programms against the poverty and from the integration of the black peaple in the US. In 1972 obtained Nixon a victory in the elections. This victory was also owed by the Watergate – affaire. The matter was first brought to public attention by the arrest of five men who, on June 17, 1972, broke into the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee at the Watergate, an office–apartment–hotel complex in Washington, D.C. Within a few days of their arrest at the Watergate, charges of burglary. During the months between their arrest and their trial, President Nixon and his aides had denied that anyone in the administration had been involved, in spite of press reports in The Washington Post. Of the seven, two were convicted by a jury. The judge read a letter from one of the defendants, James W. McCord, Jr., which charged that the White House had a cover-up opperation to hide their connection with the break-in. McCord also charged that the seven defendants had been pressured by the White House to plead guilty and remain silent. And, according to McCord, witnesses had lied during the trial. Before the reconvened grand jury, Stuart Magruder, assistant to the election committee who was formed by Mitchell, changed his earlier testimony. That the break-in had not been charged by the committee and he said he had perjured himself at the instance of Mitchell, counsel to the president.With the White House now get talked about, President Nixon on April 17, 1973, announced that he had begun a new investigation. On April 30 Nixon stated publicly that he took responsibility for the actions of staff members in the case. Nixon, however, denied any personal knowledge of the political spionage or the attempts to conceal any wrongdoing. In May the focus of the investigation changed to the Senate, where started public hearings, but there was only charge of Magruder. Someone of the white house disclosed that conversations in the president's offices had secretly been recorded on tape. The committe promptly asked for the tapes, but Nixon refused becouse there was information about the national security on the tapes. Nixon represented to offer written summaries of the tapes but the committee refused. A storm of public protest pressured Nixon to release the tapes on December 8 but only seven of the nine tapes were delivered. The White House said that the other two had never existed. The break-in appeared to be only a part of a program from the Republicans to cause damage against the democratics to assure the re-election of Nixon. The combined weight of these charges led to the initiation of a formal impeachment inquiry by the House Judiciary Committee in May 1974. On August 5 the President supplied transcripts of three tapes that clearly implicated him in the cover-up. He announced his resignation stating that he “no longer had a strong enough political base” with which to govern. In 1996 appeared that Nixon personoly had give the order for the broke. Nixon retired with his wife to the seclusion of his estate in San Clemente, California. He wrote The Memoirs of Richard Nixon and several books on international affairs and American foreign policy, modestly rehabilitating his public reputation and earning a role as an elder statesman and foreign-policy expert. Nixon spent his last years campaigning for American political support and financial aid for Russia and the other former Soviet republics. Nixon died of a stroke in New York City in April 1994, 10 months after his wife's death of lung cancer. In ceremonies after his death he was praised for his diplomatic achievements. He was buried beside his wife at his birthplace.