Geography
Population | Summary
Distribution:
• People spread out across the Earth
• Dot map; you can read of where people mostly life
• Sparsely (many) & densely (few) populated
Density:
• Number of people / km2
• Choropleth map; you can only read of density of country
Physical factors:
• Affects on global & continental scales
• Relief, climate vegetation, soils, resources, water supply
Human factors:
• Affects at regional & local scales
• Economics, politics, social
Birth rate:
• Live births per year for every 1000 people of total population; promilage
• Higher birth rate = natural increase
Death rate:
• Number of deaths per 1000 in total population; promilage
• Higher death rate = natural decrease
Demographic transition model:
• Stage 1: Fluctuating, high birth & death rate – small total population
• Stage 2: High birth rate, rapidly falling death rate – rising population
• Stage 3: Rapidly falling birth rate, slowing falling death rate – rising population
• Stage 4: Slowly falling birth rate, slowly falling death rate – rising population
• (Stage 5): Falling birth rate, stable death rate – decreasing population
MEDC: More Economically Developed Countries – stage 4
LEDC: Less Economically Developed Countries – stage 2 (some stage 3)
Population structures:
• Affected by rate of natural increase, birth rate, death rate & life expectancy
• Shown in population pyramid / age-sex pyramid
• Shows percentage of total population, male & female
• 3 groups; young dependants, economically active, elderly dependants
• Dependency ratio: non-economically active / economically active * 100
• Wide base pyramid = stage 1 Small base pyramid = stage 2
Half oval = stage 3 ¾ oval = stage 4
Population trends:
• Population explosion; population grew very fast last half century
• Population growth is slowing down; family planning, AIDS, one-child policy
• Africa, Asia & Latin America grow very fast (LEDC)
• Europe, North America & Australasia grow very slow (MEDC)
Under 15s:
• LEDC – many under 15s, high birth-rate (Africa, Southern Asia)
• Family planning, health care & women’s education and status slow down birth-rate
• Replacement rate – Just enough babies to replace people that die
• To few under 15s – stage 5, people get less and later children (job is more important) problems: not every consumers for economy, reduction in technology, smaller towns, providing pensions
China’s one-child policy:
• 1st high population growth
• Couples could only have 1child (a boy)
• Exceptions (handicapped, rural areas)
• Too few babies were born → more exceptions
Ageing:
• Higher life expectancy; better hygiene, health care
• Together with falling birth rate, there are more older people – ageing population
• More older people then young
• More pensions – more people have to work for that
• Oldest old; +80 people → will increase
Population | Summary
Distribution:
• People spread out across the Earth
• Dot map; you can read of where people mostly life
• Sparsely (many) & densely (few) populated
Density:
• Number of people / km2
• Choropleth map; you can only read of density of country
Physical factors:
• Affects on global & continental scales
• Relief, climate vegetation, soils, resources, water supply
Human factors:
• Affects at regional & local scales
Birth rate:
• Live births per year for every 1000 people of total population; promilage
• Higher birth rate = natural increase
Death rate:
• Number of deaths per 1000 in total population; promilage
• Higher death rate = natural decrease
Demographic transition model:
• Stage 1: Fluctuating, high birth & death rate – small total population
• Stage 2: High birth rate, rapidly falling death rate – rising population
• Stage 3: Rapidly falling birth rate, slowing falling death rate – rising population
• Stage 4: Slowly falling birth rate, slowly falling death rate – rising population
• (Stage 5): Falling birth rate, stable death rate – decreasing population
MEDC: More Economically Developed Countries – stage 4
Population structures:
• Affected by rate of natural increase, birth rate, death rate & life expectancy
• Shown in population pyramid / age-sex pyramid
• Shows percentage of total population, male & female
• 3 groups; young dependants, economically active, elderly dependants
• Dependency ratio: non-economically active / economically active * 100
• Wide base pyramid = stage 1 Small base pyramid = stage 2
Half oval = stage 3 ¾ oval = stage 4
Population trends:
• Population explosion; population grew very fast last half century
• Population growth is slowing down; family planning, AIDS, one-child policy
• Africa, Asia & Latin America grow very fast (LEDC)
• Europe, North America & Australasia grow very slow (MEDC)
Under 15s:
• LEDC – many under 15s, high birth-rate (Africa, Southern Asia)
• Family planning, health care & women’s education and status slow down birth-rate
• To few under 15s – stage 5, people get less and later children (job is more important) problems: not every consumers for economy, reduction in technology, smaller towns, providing pensions
China’s one-child policy:
• 1st high population growth
• Couples could only have 1child (a boy)
• Exceptions (handicapped, rural areas)
• Too few babies were born → more exceptions
Ageing:
• Higher life expectancy; better hygiene, health care
• Together with falling birth rate, there are more older people – ageing population
• More older people then young
• More pensions – more people have to work for that
• Oldest old; +80 people → will increase
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