Summary §4: How can the ideal site for an industry change?
A factory should make a profit
Before building a factory you should see what is the best place to locate it.
Advantages in 1800 e.g. may not be available nowadays, which means that the ideal site for this factory has changed
Some advantages for ironworks in 1800:
- Near local iron ore
- Near local coal
- Near local limestone
- Near river or canal (transport)
- Near town (workers)
- Flat land
Some advantages for steelworks in 1990:
- Near port for coal and iron imports
- Near local limestone
- Near railways and roads (transport)
- Near town (skilled workers)
- Flat, cheap land
- Same / different location
Summary §5: Choosing the right site – the car industry
Raw materials are used up, transport improves, factories move to areas where a lot of people live
Each particle of a car is made in its own factory.
Car particle factories are all close to each other, so it is cheaper and easier for the car manufacturer to assemble them
Large towns nearby means skilled workers and many customers buying the cars
Toyota uses a just-in-time system to build their cars, which is effective, but difficult to let it work
Cars are assembled from many small parts
Cars need a big local market
Cars are assembled near big cities
Most cars are assembled in the west midlands
Summary §6: Industries in the inner city
Before industrialisation began in Britain, many towns were small, but as industry grew, so did the need of workers
Workers moved to towns to find a job, but without cars or buses, they had to walk, so they lived near the factory
The area where the workers lived got surrounded by more and more houses, that area where they lived is called the inner city
The needs of people and industry have changed, and early advantages for a factory to locate in the inner city have now disappeared
Modern industries have more advantages by locating on the edges of towns
Note: Location inner city
1. Central Business District
2. Inner city (19th century area)
3. Inner suburbs (1930-1950)
4. Outer suburbs (1960 – nowadays)
Note: Location modern industry
Modern industry locates on the edges of the outer suburbs because:
- cheap, flat land
- easy to expand and grow
- population less affected by pollution and noise
- near to motorway accesses
Summary §7: What are high-tech industries?
High-tech industries make products like microchips, computers, mobile phones, pharmaceuticals and scientific equipment
High-tech industries provide more than 25% of all jobs in the UK
High-tech industries put a great emphasis on the research and development of new products
Factories making high-tech products often group together on business parks or science parks
These parks locate on edge-of-city Greenfields (some business parks are found in the inner city, it already developed)
The parks need to have:
- a good motorway access
- nearby firms to exchange ideas and information
- leisure facilities and support services
- highly skilled workers nearby
But there can be disadvantages, too, like:
- traffic jams at busy times
- may be far away from shops
- firms may prefer to be by themselves to keep new ideas a secret
- it may be difficult to find enough skilled workers
Science parks: firms have links with universities
Business parks: firms do not have links with universities
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