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Who is who and what is what?

Animal Farm: Russia after banning the Czar.
Old Major: Marx. He is the one that tells the other animals about his ideal of animalism (communism).

Mr. Jones: Tsar Nicholas II. He is what the animals fear. I mean they fear he will come back and turn everything they worked for back and rule them again.

Napoleon: Stalin. That's pretty obvious. He's the boss, he's evil and greedy. He's paranoia too. Everyone that is only the slightest bit suspected of having something to do with Snowball, is being slaughtered.

Snowball: Leo Dawidowitsch Trotsky. He's Napoleon's arch-enemy. They have a lot in common, except for their ideas. And so they know one of them has to leave eventually. Napoleon tries to kill him and with that banishes him. That's kind of what happens with Trotsky. He was banished to Mexico. But Stalin still found him a threat, so Trotsky was killed by the secret police.
Squealer: Propaganda to Rusia. To be exact, he's a russian newspaper called Pravda. He's the connection between Napoleon (Stalin) and the working animals (the people).

Boxer and Clover: Horses. They stand for the farmers without education. They believe most in the animalistic system, because Napoleon lets them believe everything will be better for them.

The Sheep: They are like Boxer and Clover the farmers without education. If it wasn't for the sheep's bloating (for legs good, two legs baaaad!) on critical discussion moments, Napoleon would never had gotten the power he had in the end.

Molly: She represents the middle-class. She doesn't care about politics or ideals, she just wants her sugar (high salary).

Muriël: Goat. He's the minority of high educated people who can think for themselves and understand how wrong leaders are acting. But he's not able, or just doesn't want to, let the other animals see it too.

Benjamin: He represents the old generation that was against Stalin. In the book he's like the wise but silent all-knowing.

Dogs: They are the secret police, the KGB. In the book they are Napoleons personal bodyguards. But they don't speak and they are foolish. They are so devoted to Napoleon that they don't have a will of their own.

Pigs: They represent the people that support Stalin. They live in luxury.
Pigeons: The propaganda to the other countries, like Germany.

Chickens: They represent the farmers that didn't want to give away their property so they destroyed it (or ate it).
Rats (and other wild animals like rabbits for that matter) : They are the other political parties.

Moses: The raven represents the church. He tells the animals about this beautiful Sugarcandy Mountain where animals go after they die. In the beginning the pigs try hard to get rid of him, because he might lead the animals away from the equality of animalism. But years later, when he comes back, the pigs don't mind him, because equality is no longer a goal anyway.

Windmill: The windmill represents the Russian industry during the first 5-year-plan. That the plan failed is expressed by the collapse of the windmill.
Pinchfield: Germany. Hitler and Stalin had made a non-aggressive pact, but Hitler attacked anyway. Napoleon sold pile of lumber to Fredrick of Pinchfield, but Fredrick gave him fake bank notes in return.

Song of the farm: Propaganda for the communism to the Russian people.
Sunday morning meetings: They were cancelled immediately when Napoleon became in charge. So all the decisions were made by Napoleon and the pigs. Just like the economic decisions were made by Stalin and the government.

Second attack of the farmers: Second World War.

Sources: http://home.wanadoo.nl/lionsite/animal_farm.htm http://www.online-literature.com/orwell/animalfarm/ http://www.novelguide.com/animalfarm/characterprofiles.html